Final answer:
The heart consists of two pumps: the right pump sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, and the left pump circulates oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two types of pumps referenced in the context of a bypass circuit relate to the human circulatory system and specifically to the function of the heart. The heart is essentially composed of two pumps serving different parts of the circulatory system. The right pump of the heart is responsible for forcing blood through the lungs in a process known as pulmonary circulation, while the left pump causes blood to flow through the rest of the body, known as systemic circulation.
During this process, the right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to get oxygenated. The left side receives this oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the entire body. The venous system, which returns blood back to the heart, relies on the skeletal muscle pump and other mechanisms to maintain an adequate pressure gradient.
These two pumps facilitate pulmonary and systemic circulation, which are critical to maintaining the body's oxygen supply and removing carbon dioxide.