Final answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases such as neuromyelitis optica and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis can affect the corpus callosum, resulting in neurological symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that affects the corpus callosum, the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, leading to inflammation and damage to the white matter. This results in a variety of symptoms, including impaired muscle control and bladder function.
Other demyelinating diseases that can affect the corpus callosum include neuromyelitis optica and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These diseases also involve inflammation and destruction of the myelin sheath, causing neurological symptoms.