Final answer:
The common side effect of all thiazide diuretics is increased urination. This is because they inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the kidney. Increased urination can be beneficial in treating conditions like hypertension and edema, but it can also cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common side effect of all thiazide diuretics is increased urination, also known as polyuria. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the kidney, which leads to increased excretion of water and electrolytes.
For example, hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. This enhances the elimination of water and electrolytes, resulting in increased urine production and decreased fluid volume in the body.
This increased urination can be beneficial in treating conditions such as hypertension and edema, as it helps to reduce excess fluid and lower blood pressure. However, it can also lead to potential side effects such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.