Final answer:
Vascular pathologies in the corpus callosum may include ischemia or infarction due to compromised blood supply, conditions like Multiple Sclerosis, aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations. These conditions can lead to various deficits, with surgical severing of the corpus callosum causing split-brain syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some vascular pathologies in the corpus callosum include conditions where its blood supply is compromised, leading to ischemia or infarction. This can result from occlusion or stenosis of cerebral arteries that supply the corpus callosum. Acute demyelinating conditions like Multiple Sclerosis can also affect the vasculature of the corpus callosum. Other pathologies include aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) which can lead to hemorrhage. The common carotid artery is a major blood vessel that branches off the aorta and supplies blood to the head and neck, but does not directly supply the corpus callosum. The surgical intervention of severing the corpus callosum, to treat conditions such as severe epilepsy, results in split-brain syndrome, highlighting the importance of interhemispheric communication for cognitive functions.