Final answer:
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) presents as a sharp or burning pain at the outer knee, with possible swelling and tenderness. It's caused by strain on the iliotibial band due to activities like running or cycling, and treatment involves rest, physical therapy, or sometimes injections or surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The iliotibial band (ITB) is a thick band of connective tissue that begins at the iliac crest (hip bone) and extends to the outside of the tibia (shinbone) at the knee. It plays a crucial role in stabilizing the knee during activities such as running and cycling. The ITB is not a muscle itself but is comprised of fibers from the gluteus maximus and the tensor fasciae latae muscles, and when overused or inflamed, it can lead to what is known as iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS).
Symptoms of ITBS can include a sharp or burning pain on the outer side of the knee, which may radiate up the thigh to the hip, often worsening with continuous activity as the band rubs against the femur. Over time, the pain can become more persistent and may present even at rest. The discomfort is typically more acute when descending stairs or moving from a sitting to a standing position. The affected area may also exhibit swelling and tenderness to the touch. People who experience these symptoms should seek a medical evaluation, as ITBS can often be misdiagnosed due to the overlap with other knee conditions.
The onset of ITBS is often associated with repetitive activities that put strain on the ITB, such as long-distance running, cycling, and hiking, particularly on uneven surfaces or inclines. It's also common among athletes who suddenly increase their level of activity without adequate training or rest. Treatment typically involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), as well as physical therapy exercises to stretch and strengthen the ITB and associated muscles. In some cases, corticosteroid injections or surgery may be necessary for relief.