Final answer:
The antidote for magnesium sulfate overdose is calcium gluconate, which counteracts the effects of excess magnesium. Intravenous calcium gluconate is administered in carefully monitored doses, with supportive measures for severe cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The antidote for magnesium sulfate overdose is typically calcium gluconate. Magnesium sulfate can cause hypermagnesemia, which may lead to respiratory depression, decreased blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. The use of calcium gluconate helps to counter the effects of excess magnesium by antagonizing its effects at the neuromuscular junction and on myocardial conduction. Intravenous administration of 10% calcium gluconate is the standard treatment, where the dosage is determined by the severity of the symptoms. It should be administered slowly and under medical supervision, with continuous monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure. If hypermagnesemia is life-threatening, supportive measures such as respiratory support and cardiac monitoring may also be necessary.