Final answer:
The President requires the advice and consent of the Senate to ratify treaties, with a two-thirds vote needed, and for confirming appointments, where a simple majority vote is required.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the President of the United States signs a foreign treaty or appoints a cabinet secretary or ambassador, they need the advice and consent of the Senate. For treaties, a two-thirds vote of the Senate is required for ratification. In the case of appointments, a simple majority-vote approval is necessary for a nominee to be confirmed. This system is designed to ensure that significant foreign policy decisions and appointments involve both the Executive and Legislative branches, fostering checks and balances within the federal government.