Final answer:
The Union's advantages in the Civil War included greater industrial capabilities and a larger population, along with a superior railroad system for logistics.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Civil War, the Union (North) had several significant advantages over the Confederacy. First, it had greater industrial capabilities, which were vital in mobilizing men and supplies for the war effort. Due to the Industrial and transportation revolutions, the North could produce and move war materials more efficiently than the South. Secondly, the Union had a larger population with about 22 million people compared to the South's 9 million, bolstered by immigration from Europe. This provided a much more substantial manpower reserve. Third, the extensive railroad grid in the North allowed for the quick movement of troops and supplies, contrasted with the South's limited rail infrastructure.