Final answer:
The Cherokee and other Indian nations were moved west of the Mississippi River by the Indian Removal Act of 1830, during President Andrew Jackson's administration, leading to the Trail of Tears.
Step-by-step explanation:
President Andrew Jackson and Congress moved the Cherokee and other Indian nations west of the Mississippi with the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This Act, passed under President Jackson's tenure, sought to relocate indigenous tribes from the cotton-rich southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River. Although put forth under the guise of being voluntary, it resulted in the forceful displacement of the Cherokee along with other members of the Five Civilized Tribes - the Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole.
The entire process culminated in the tragic journey known as the Trail of Tears, during which a significant portion of the Cherokee population perished due to disease, starvation, and harsh conditions. This event remains one of the darkest episodes of forced removal under the guise of progress and expansion in American history.