Final answer:
Examination questions and answers are typically kept confidential to maintain the integrity and fairness of the exam. While there could be some conditions under which they could be reviewed, they are not generally published or available for public review. the correct answer to the question is (d) are confidential.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question at hand asks whether examination questions and answers are published, able to be reviewed, or confidential. This is related to the practices surrounding the administration of examinations and it's not specific to any particular academic subject but falls under the Law category because it deals with policies and regulations concerning exam content.
In most educational and certification contexts, examination questions and answers are treated as confidential to maintain the integrity of the exam. There are situations where examination materials may be reviewed under certain conditions, such as for grade disputes or if permitted by an institution's policies.
However, the typical approach is that examination questions are not published beforehand and not available for general public review, to prevent compromising the exam's fairness and to protect the intellectual property rights of the creators.
Details like exam information being shared under a CC BY 4.0 license or being available to the instructor in an answer guide suggest that while there might be limited sharing under certain circumstances, the default status of exams is still to be kept confidential unless noted otherwise. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is (d) are confidential.