Final answer:
Arabic was indeed the lingua franca of Muslim-controlled territories, facilitating communication across regions such as North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia and Europe. The statement regarding the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula being a military and religious action by the Spanish is also true.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that Arabic was the lingua franca of Muslim-controlled territories. After the Arab conquests, Arabic not only replaced many of the local vernaculars, but it also became the principal language of government and scholarship. This widespread use of Arabic facilitated trade, cultural, and intellectual exchanges across vast regions, from Spain to India. Arabic's key role in administration and scholarship meant that, from the Umayyad Caliphate onward, proficiency in Arabic was crucial for those seeking an administrative career. This fostered Arabization, where Arabic was introduced to regions previously foreign to the language, like Egypt.
In the case of the Iberian Peninsula, Arabic coexisted with Spanish until the Christian kingdoms reconquered the region. This reconquest, known as the Reconquista, was both a military and religious effort aimed at reclaiming lands that were under Muslim control. Hence, the statement that for the Spanish, reconquering the Iberian Peninsula was a military and religious action is true.