Final answer:
True in Hinduism for the pursuit of 'moksha' but false in Buddhism due to the 'Anatman' doctrine that rejects a permanent self.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the return to the godhead, or primordial substance, is a fundamental goal for the atman, or soul, can be considered true within the context of Hinduism. In Hindu traditions, the atman represents the eternal self or soul that seeks liberation from the cycle of reincarnation, which is achieved through the realization of its unity with brahman, the ultimate reality or world soul. This pursuit, known as moksha, involves various practices including yoga, meditation, rituals, and living in accordance with dharma (righteousness) and karma (actions).
However, the statement would be false if applied to Buddhist philosophy, as Buddhism rejects the notion of an eternal soul and instead adheres to the doctrine of Anatman (No Self). According to Buddhism, what we identify as the self is actually an ephemeral aggregation of physical and mental constituents that are subject to continuous change and dependent origination, meaning that nothing exists independently of other phenomena.