Final answer:
The Anglo-Saxons returned to England in the 400s, after the Romans left, and established numerous kingdoms, laying the foundation for modern England's language and culture before facing Viking and Norman invasions.
Step-by-step explanation:
After failing to invade England in the 300s, the Anglo-Saxons returned in the 400s and established themselves in what is now England. By about 400 CE, the Romans had left Britain, and the region became vulnerable to invasions. The Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from areas that are now northern Germany and Denmark, began to invade, raid, and eventually settle in England. They subdued the native Britons and established several kingdoms. This marked the foundation of England as a distinct entity, with its own developing culture and language.
Although the initial settlement faced numerous challenges, including clashes with native tribes and internal conflicts, the Anglo-Saxons managed to create a lasting impact on the British Isles. Not only did they give England its name (from "land of the Angles"), but they also laid the foundation for the English language and cultural practices that would evolve over the centuries. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms lasted until they faced new threats from Viking invasions, resulting in the establishment of a Viking kingdom in part of what was Anglo-Saxon England and the eventual Norman Conquest in 1066.