Final answer:
The good that came from historical figures like John Brown, Socrates, and Frederick Douglass choosing to forfeit their lives was the significant societal impact their actions had. They inspired greater contemplation and eventual systemic reform by highlighting the examination of justice, ethics, and social consciousness.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the cases of John Brown, Socrates, and other historical figures like Frederick Douglass, there is a common thread of choosing principles and moral standpoints over life itself. John Proctor's final decision, which echoes these historical decisions, ultimately worked towards a greater good beyond individual survival. Their sacrifices highlighted grave injustices and inspired others to think critically about the systems in which they lived.
Their decisions to forfeit their lives brought about significant societal impact, prompting contemplation and change. John Brown's composed demeanor during his trial for the raid on Harpers Ferry and subsequent execution evoked reflections on the severity of the slavery issue, mobilizing public thought and discourse. Similarly, Socrates’ choice to accept his death sentence rather than fleeing Athens led to an enduring philosophical examination of ethics, justice, and the value of an examined life.
In essence, the good that comes from such sacrifices is a profound and lasting change in social consciousness, which can lead to systemic reform. While they did not condone violence or wrongdoing, individuals like Brown, Socrates, and Douglass became symbols of resistance, reminding society to actively confront and correct its misdeeds for the betterment of all.