Final answer:
The children of individuals 4 and 5 who have attached earlobes are shown with shading in the pedigree.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the number of children who have attached earlobes from individuals 4 and 5. Based on the information provided, the trait of having free-hanging earlobes is an autosomal dominant trait. In the pedigree shown, shaded individuals represent those with the recessive form of the trait, which means they have attached earlobes. Therefore, the children of individuals 4 and 5 who have attached earlobes are the individuals shown with shading in the pedigree.
If both parents are heterozygous (carrying both a dominant and recessive allele), each of their children has a 25% chance of having attached earlobes. If one parent is homozygous dominant (two dominant alleles) and the other is heterozygous, none of their children would have attached earlobes, because they would all receive at least one dominant allele for free-hanging earlobes. If both parents have attached earlobes, then all their children would have attached earlobes as well.
Key terms: autosomal dominant trait, attached earlobes, recessive form, pedigree