Final answer:
Learning is most effective when it is intrinsically motivated, driven by an individual's internal desire for the knowledge or skill itself, while external encouragement can provide initial impetus but may not lead to sustained learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learning must be intrinsically motivated and can only be externally encouraged. When it comes to learning, the most powerful and enduring type is driven by intrinsic motivation. This is the desire to learn that comes from within an individual because they find the learning itself interesting or satisfying, not merely as a means to an end. A perfect example is someone who learns to play a musical instrument for the pure joy of music, not just to perform and gain recognition.
Conversely, external motivation can encourage learning but may not sustain it in the same way. Rewards such as grades, praise, or job prospects can initiate an interest in learning but might not build a lasting commitment to learning pursuits. The goal in educational environments should be to foster a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as these factors greatly enhance intrinsic motivation. A student like Hakim, for example, will likely find greater enthusiasm and interest in his learning when he feels respected and has control over his learning, as seen in the encouraging climate of his Criminal Law course compared to the more intimidating Family Law class.
It's also important to differentiate between the structures of formal and informal education and recognize that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can play roles in both settings. Intrinsic motivation, however, is typically associated with a deeper engagement and a more profound assimilation of knowledge, ultimately contributing to both personal development and everyday practical living.