Final answer:
When nationalism and democratic movements were at odds, Europeans generally chose nationalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
When nationalism and democratic movements were at odds in Europe, Europeans generally chose nationalism. Nationalism, rooted in pride and celebration of a national identity, often led to exclusion or detriment of other identities. In countries like Germany, nationalism was defined along ethnic lines, while in countries like France, nationalism was defined by allegiance to the civil state rather than ethnic identity.