Final answer:
The three main phases in academic self-regulation are forethought, performance, and self-reflection. These phases help students manage their learning and achieve goals. Self-regulation involves balancing immediate rewards with long-term goals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three main phases in academic self-regulation are: (1) forethought, which involves setting goals and planning how to achieve them, (2) performance, which is the actual engagement in the learning or task activities, and (3) self-reflection, which includes evaluating one's performance and experiences to improve future endeavors. Each phase plays a crucial role in a student's ability to manage and enhance their learning process. For instance, a student's improvement in self-regulation could lead to a change in perception of the oppressive systems they navigate, which is reflected in the goals they set for themselves.
Furthermore, self-regulation, also known as will power, is the ability to orchestrate one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in service of achieving one's goals. This process, detailed by Mischel and others, touches upon the balance between short-term gratification and long-term rewards, as exemplified in the well-known marshmallow test, where the ability to delay gratification is linked to achieving greater long-term satisfaction. Bettina's example of resisting the pleasure of eating a cupcake to stay fit for a 5K race exemplifies the practical application of self-regulation.