Final answer:
The statement regarding Samuel Clarke's criticism of Hobbes is false. Hobbes believed in establishing an absolute monarchy through a social contract to ensure stability and prevent anarchy, not primarily on fear of punishment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Samuel Clarke criticized Hobbes for thinking fear of punishment would motivate people to keep the Social Contract is false. While Hobbes did argue that the state of nature was one of war and conflict, leading to a life that was 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,' he believed that to avoid such conditions, individuals collectively agreed to surrender certain freedoms and give absolute power to a monarch in return for peace, stability, and order. Hobbes was less concerned with the fear of punishment and more focused on the idea that the establishment of a strong, absolute government was a rational choice to ensure survival and prevent anarchy.