Final answer:
To combat disruptions in circadian rhythms, exposure to bright light at strategic times, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, exercising at appropriate times, and moderating caffeine intake can be effective strategies. The correct multiple-choice option is (A).
Step-by-step explanation:
Disruptions in circadian rhythms due to visual impairments or other factors can lead to various health issues like insomnia, anxiety, and depression. The following strategies can help realign the biological clock:
- Exposure to bright light in the evening, as suggested by studies, can be beneficial for individuals working night shifts or those affected by seasonal variations in light. Devices that provide bright light exposure can help maintain a regular circadian cycle.
- Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule is crucial. Going to bed and waking up at the same time daily, even on weekends, supports the synchronization of the biological clock with the external environment.
- Engaging in daily physical activity at the right time of day can improve sleep quality but should be avoided close to bedtime as it can be stimulating.
- Avoiding caffeine intake, especially later in the day, can contribute to better sleep patterns, as caffeine can disturb sleep and exacerbate the misalignment of the circadian rhythm.
Note that the strategies a) and d) mentioned in the question would not be suitable for combating disruption in circadian rhythms. Exposure to bright light in the evening could actually disrupt the sleep cycle, and total avoidance of caffeine may not be necessary, though moderation closer to bedtime is recommended. The correct multiple-choice option is (A).