Question

The Fourteenth Amendment protects civil rights and civil liberties.

(a) Describe the difference between civil rights and civil liberties.
(b) Identify the primary clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that is used to extend civil rights.
(c) Describe a specific legislative action that extended civil rights to each of the following. • Women
• Persons with disabilities
(d) Identify the primary clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that is used to extend civil liberties.
(e) Explain how civil liberties were incorporated by the Supreme Court in two of the following cases.
• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Mapp v. Ohio
• Miranda v. Arizona

Answer 1

The Fourteenth Amendment fosters both civil rights and civil liberties, with civil rights ensuring equal protection and civil liberties protecting fundamental rights. The Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause are the key components used to extend civil rights and liberties, respectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Fourteenth Amendment is instrumental in protecting both civil rights and civil liberties. Civil rights generally refer to the protection against discrimination and the right to participate in the political process, while civil liberties concern the basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, such as freedom of speech, privacy, and due process.

Difference Between Civil Rights and Civil Liberties: Civil rights involve the protection of individuals from discrimination based on characteristics like race, sex, religion, and disability, ensuring equal treatment under the law. Civil liberties include the fundamental rights and freedoms protected from government interference, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial.

Primary Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment for Civil Rights: The Equal Protection Clause is the primary component of the Fourteenth Amendment used to extend civil rights, ensuring all individuals receive equal treatment under the law.