Final answer:
PVFM is a disorder where the vocal cords do not open and close as they typically would, which can affect breathing and voice production. It's diagnosed by observing the movement of various parts in the throat and treated with speech therapy and relaxation techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM)
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM) is a condition where the vocal cords behave abnormally, but understanding its normal function is crucial for recognizing the disorder. The thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone play a critical role in voice production. Shrinking the distance between them affects voice pitch. Normally, muscles contract to reduce this distance, allowing for high-pitched sounds. The true vocal cords, which are essential for sound production, sit in the larynx and require proper movement to function.
Diagnostics for PVFM may include examining the movement of mouth and throat areas such as the palatopharyngeal arch, which is a muscular fold connecting the soft palette to the pharynx. During vocalization, the motion of these folds and the vestibular fold, which supports the epiglottis during swallowing, can be observed. A common practice is to have patients say alternating sounds, like "lah-kah-pah," while watching for palatal movement efficiency.
Vestibular folds, part of the glottis, are composed of mucous membranes that support the voice and swallowing mechanics. The true vocal cords, or vocal folds, play a pivotal role in sound generation; they are white membranes that oscillate as air passes through. Disorders like PVFM can disrupt the intricate balance required for normal voice production and swallowing.
PVFM involves the improper function of the vocal cords during breathing or speaking, which can mimic breathing disorders like asthma. Treatment often involves speech therapy and learning techniques to relax the vocal cords.