Final answer:
Epigastric pain can be caused by conditions such as GERD and peptic ulcer disease. The workup may involve a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epigastric pain that worsens after eating or when lying down can be caused by various conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Peptic ulcer disease involves the formation of open sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, leading to pain and discomfort.
The workup for epigastric pain would typically involve a thorough medical history and physical examination. Additionally, diagnostic tests such as an upper endoscopy, imaging studies (e.g., abdominal ultrasound), and laboratory tests (e.g., H. pylori testing) may be ordered to help identify the underlying cause.
The treatment for epigastric pain will depend on the underlying cause. For example, lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding trigger foods, elevating the head of the bed) and medication (e.g., proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers) are commonly used to manage GERD. Peptic ulcers may require antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection, as well as medications to reduce stomach acid production.