Final answer:
Short stories emerged approximately 100 years after the novel began to flourish, with the novel's popularity dating back to the 18th century and short stories appearing in the 19th century. Hence, the correct answer is D. 100.
Step-by-step explanation:
The emergence of novels as a popular literary form began in the 18th century with works such as Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Samuel Richardson's Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded. These novels found large and receptive audiences in the British Atlantic. Short stories, however, did not begin to appear until the 19th century, specifically in the middle decades when American publishing started to flourish with authors such as Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe. The novel is considered a fairly new form of literature with Don Quixote by Miguel Cervantes, published in 1605, often regarded as the first narrative fitting modern criteria for a novel.
Given that the novel began to gain popularity with Defoe and Richardson in the 18th century, and considering that the short story did not emerge until the 19th century, we can deduce that short stories appeared approximately 100 years after the novel began to flourish as a literary form. Hence, the correct answer to the question, 'Short stories did not appear until the 19th century which was about how many years after the novel began to flourish as a literary form?' is D. 100.