Final answer:
In literature, a stock character that generalizes and oversimplifies traits of a stereotypical group of people is known as a flat character. These characters show little depth and no significant growth, relying on stereotypes and clichés, and can be expressed succinctly, usually in one sentence.
Step-by-step explanation:
To generalize and oversimplify a character, using a stock character as an example, one would be referring to the practice of stereotyping. Stock characters embody archetypes or categories of people and exhibit expected behaviors typical of those categories. The lack of psychological depth makes them rely on stereotypes and cliché, aligning them closely with the concept of flat characters, as they do not usually experience personal growth or reveal unexpected traits throughout the story.
E.M. Forster, in his book Aspects of the Novel, differentiated between flat and round characters. Flat characters can be quickly summarized and do not change significantly throughout the story; they represent specific traits or ideas. On the other hand, round characters are complex, undergo character development, and are capable of surprising readers in a believable way. An example of a flat character from literature is Mrs. Micawber in David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Contrastingly, Elizabeth Bennet from Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is an exemplar of a round character.
The term stereotype refers to simplistic and often negative generalizations about groups of people that do not account for individual differences. Clichés are overused tropes or phrases that have become uncreative and mundane. The use of these elements can contribute to the portrayal of flat characters within literature.