Final answer:
Neurons communicate with each other using neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers released from one neuron and received by another across the synaptic cleft.
Step-by-step explanation:
When neurons "speak" to each other, they use neurotransmitters to communicate messages between them. These chemical signals are released by one neuron at the axon terminal, cross the synaptic cleft, and bind to receptors on the dendrites of the receiving neuron, creating the foundation for neuronal communication.
While many synapses utilize this chemical signaling there are also specialized connections known as electrical synapses though these are less common. In electrical synapses neurons are directly connected by gap junctions allowing electrical impulses to pass rapidly from one neuron to the next. All functions of the nervous system such as motor reflexes, memory formation and decision-making depend on this intricate process of neurons sending and receiving messages through electrochemical signals.