Final answer:
Endemic goiter is mainly caused by an iodine deficiency leading to insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which causes the thyroid gland to enlarge as it tries to compensate. Symptoms of this condition are related to hypothyroidism.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Causes Endemic Goiter:
Endemic goiter is typically caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet. This deficiency leads to an inability of the thyroid gland to synthesize the hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). In response to low thyroid hormone levels the body increases the production of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which then causes the thyroid gland to enlarge, a condition known as goiter.
In areas with insufficient dietary iodine goiters can become prevalent, hence the term endemic goiter. The symptoms associated with goiter from iodine deficiency are generally those of hypothyroidism, including weight gain, sensitivity to cold and reduced mental activity.