Final answer:
The three basic parts of the brain are the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, with each part responsible for a variety of crucial functions ranging from higher cognitive processes to automatic life-sustaining tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain has three basic parts: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The forebrain includes several lobes of the cerebral cortex that control higher functions, and is anatomically divided further into different regions such as the thalamus and limbic system. The midbrain is associated with functions like sleep and arousal, movement, and reward processes. Lastly, the hindbrain includes the medulla and pons within the brain stem and the cerebellum, crucial for coordinating movements and certain types of memories.