Final answer:
Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones essential for developing sexual characteristics and reproductive functions in males and females.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemically, the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone can be described as steroid hormones. These hormones are crucial in the development of sexual characteristics and reproductive functions in both males and females. Testosterone is often referred to as the main male sex hormone and is largely responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as muscle growth, facial hair, and the maturation of sex organs. Meanwhile, estrogens, like estradiol, are primarily responsible for developing female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast growth and the broadening of the pelvis. Both hormones are secreted by the gonads and play a vital role in the reproductive system and overall hormonal balance.