Final answer:
Interneurons are responsible for relaying information within the CNS, connecting sensory and motor neurons to process and respond to stimuli. These neurons, essential for nervous system tasks, facilitate neural communication through neurotransmitters and are supported by glial cells within the complex structure of the CNS.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons that relay information within the CNS are known as interneurons. These specialized cells facilitate communication between sensory neurons, which carry nerve impulses from sense organs to the CNS, and motor neurons, which carry instructions from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons process the incoming information from sensory neurons and orchestrate an appropriate response through motor neurons. They play a crucial role in the complex processes like reflex actions, thought, and memory formation.
Neurons are essentially the interconnected information processors of the nervous system, critical for all tasks of the system. An action potential in one neuron communicates with another neuron across a synaptic cleft using neurotransmitters. These neurons are supported by glial cells in the nervous system. Together, these components of neural networks enable sensory perception, motor responses, and even intricate cognitive functions by transmitting and processing a vast array of information.
The Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, relies on the constant relay of information facilitated by neurons, and it is protected by meninges and cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid. The complexity of the nervous system and its ability to adapt is exemplified by neuroplasticity -- the nervous system's ability to change -- enabling learning and recovery from injury.