Final answer:
Light enters the eye through the cornea, passes through the pupil, gets focused by the lens, reaches the retina with rods and cones which convert it to nerve impulses, and these impulses travel through the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct order of structures involved in sensing light and transmitting the information to the brain is:
- Light enters the eye through the cornea.
- It then passes through the pupil.
- After the pupil, light crosses the lens, which focuses it.
- The lens focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye, which contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones.
- These photoreceptor cells convert the light into nerve impulses.
- Nerve impulses travel through the optic nerve.
- The optic nerve transmits the signals to the brain, particularly the visual centers, where they are interpreted into images.
During this process, the retina performs signal processing, as there are fewer nerve connections to the brain than there are rods and cones. The eye makes comparisons between adjacent light receptors and is very sensitive to edges, allowing the brain to perceive images with depth and detail.