Final answer:
Cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are two conditions that can cause the eye to become clouded with central vision loss. Cataracts involve a clouding of the lens and can be treated by lens replacement, while AMD leads to loss of the macula and is currently incurable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that causes the eye to become clouded with central vision loss is known as cataracts. Cataracts are characterized by a clouding of the eye's lens, which impedes the entrance of light and results in vision loss. This condition can account for up to 50% of all cases of blindness. Factors such as age and exposure to UV-B rays increase the likelihood of developing cataracts. It's important to note that while cataracts are primarily age-related, affecting about 60% of individuals between the ages of 65 and 74, they can be treated successfully by replacing the clouded lens with a plastic one. Additionally, preventive measures like wearing plastic sunglasses can offer effective eye protection from UV rays.
Another prominent eye condition causing central vision loss is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the most common cause of blindness in the Western hemisphere and affects the macula, which is responsible for high visual acuity. The death of retinal pigment epithelium cells, which support the macula, leads to this condition. Patients might initially observe a black spot in the center of their vision, which can expand and worsen over time. As of now, there is no cure for AMD.