Final answer:
During the Cold War, U.S. presidents had increased informal powers in foreign policy because of the need for a unified response to global tensions, especially against the USSR. The shared power between the president and Congress changes with context and historical challenges while being shaped by public expectations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Presidential Powers in Foreign Policy
The increased informal powers of the president, particularly regarding foreign policy, often correspond with historical events that shape the global landscape as well as public expectations. During the Cold War era, the tensions between the US and USSR heightened the demand for a decisive leader in foreign affairs, enabling the president to exercise more power informally, especially in matters where a united national front was seen as critical.
Post-Cold War, this dynamic changed as the competitive superpower rivalry dissipated, affecting the president's ability to marshal public and congressional support solely around foreign policy. In terms of formal powers, the constitution dictates that while the president holds significant sway in foreign policy decisions such as diplomacy and military action, these powers are shared with Congress. Domestic challenges and the rise of mass media also contributed to a more prominent role for the president, both domestically and internationally.
Recent presidencies have continued to navigate this complex balance between formal and informal powers, confronting unique challenges and opportunities to influence policy at home and abroad. Regardless of the era, the growth of presidential stature has been consistent, shaped by historical events, technological advances, and public expectations.