Final answer:
Winds and mountains influence the formation of wetlands and deserts primarily through the rain shadow effect. Wetlands may form on the windward side of mountains due to increased precipitation, while the leeward side may become arid, leading to desert formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Winds and mountains have a significant impact on the formation of wetlands and deserts. The rain shadow effect explains how mountain ranges can influence these environments. When moist air from the ocean encounters a mountain range, it rises and cools, leading to condensation and precipitation mainly on the windward side. This can contribute to the formation of wetlands, which are rich in moisture and support diverse ecosystems.
On the leeward side of the mountain range, due to the rain shadow effect, the air becomes dry, contributing to desert formation. The lack of precipitation in these areas leads to arid climates, where evaporation typically exceeds precipitation. This process is seen in the North American deserts, like the Mohave and Sonoran deserts, and in other regions around the world with similar geographical features.