Final answer:
Metabolic diseases such as nephrosis, myxedema, and diabetes can cause flat or non-circumscribed lesions on the skin. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, and abnormal lipid levels, and can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, conditions like tuberculosis and fungal infections can also cause skin lesions in individuals with compromised metabolic function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question inquires about a metabolic disease that leads to the formation of a flat or non-circumscribed lesion. Metabolic diseases are disorders that affect the body's ability to process and convert nutrients effectively, resulting in abnormal chemical reactions in the metabolism. Several metabolic diseases can lead to the mentioned lesions, including nephrosis, myxedema, abetalipoproteinemia, xanthomatosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, infective hepatitis, severe diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism.
Each of these diseases or conditions can affect the body in different ways and may have cutaneous manifestations. For instance, severe diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism can affect the skin systemically, sometimes manifesting in lesions. Atherosclerosis can lead to skin changes due to compromised vascular integrity. Additionally, hyperthyroidism, with its associated metabolic acceleration, may also present with skin changes such as a warm and moist texture.
Another condition associated with metabolic abnormalities is metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Metabolic syndrome is a significant public health concern because of its association with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
Tuberculosis can also lead to lesions, such as the formation of calcified Ghon complexes detectable on chest radiographs. Such lesions are a byproduct of the body's immune response to the infection and may serve as a reservoir for latent tuberculosis. Reactivation of these lesions can occur, especially in immunocompromised individuals, leading to secondary TB.
Fungal infections such as sporotrichosis and candidiasis can cause cutaneous lesions as well. Although not directly metabolic diseases, they are opportunistic infections that can occur when the body's normal metabolic processes are compromised by other conditions.