Final answer:
Non-traumatic hypovolemic causes include dehydration, severe vomiting, diarrhea, extensive burns, and excessive urine loss due to certain diseases. IV fluid replacement is a common treatment, and vasopressors may be used to raise blood pressure. Monitoring and adjusting certain medications can also help manage hypovolemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The non-traumatic hypovolemic causes include dehydration, severe vomiting, or diarrhea, often observed in children. Adults may also suffer hypovolemic shock due to these conditions, in addition to extensive burns, toxin exposure, and excessive urine loss from conditions like diabetes insipidus or ketoacidosis. When a person experiences hypovolemia, the body's regulatory mechanisms work to maintain blood pressure, but significant volume loss (10-20%) may eventually lead to symptoms.
Treatments focus on restoring blood volume and blood pressure. Restoring volume is usually achieved through intravenous fluid replacement, and sometimes, medications such as vasopressors (e.g., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) are used.
Additionally, certain medications used to treat hypertension, like diuretics or vasodilators, can lead to hypovolemia. Orthostatic hypotension, a form of low blood pressure, can also result from low blood volume. Adjusting these medications and increasing fluid and salt intake may improve symptoms.