Final answer:
The effective use of 'so whats' and 'naysayers' in 'They Say/I Say' involves explaining the relevance of an argument and considering opposing viewpoints, respectively, to strengthen the writer's position and engage the reader.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the book They Say/I Say, the effective use of so whats and naysayers is a critical aspect of academic writing. The term so whats refers to addressing the question of why a topic or argument matters, providing relevance and significance to the discussion. Meanwhile, including naysayers involves acknowledging and responding to counterarguments or opposing views, demonstrating that the writer has considered multiple perspectives on the issue. This approach not only strengthens the argument but also engages the reader by outlining the broader implications of the discussion. The inclusion of these elements indicates the writer's intent to meet or challenge conventional expectations in rhetorically effective ways, showing critical engagement with the topic and contributing to a more persuasive and nuanced argument.
It is important to fairly represent different viewpoints and to avoid polarizing the discussion. For instance, using phrases like it seems that or it appears to me that can introduce observations without overstating authority, thereby inviting constructive conversation. Furthermore, being aware of biases, especially when financial interests are involved, can sharpen the critical analysis of information presented as factual or authoritative.