Final answer:
Children experiencing regular punishment and rewards for behavior are likely to develop conditioned responses through operant conditioning. Rewards or positive reinforcement encourage good behavior, while punishment may lead to fear or aggression. Observational learning also influences children's behavior by watching adults, especially parents.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Rogers, a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behavior is likely to develop a conditioned response based on the principles of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning, as proposed by B.F. Skinner, suggests that behaviors can be learned through either the consequences of rewards (positive reinforcement) or punishments. A reward reinforces the behavior it follows, while a punishment tends to decrease or eliminate the behavior it follows.
When a child receives regular punishment for undesirable behaviors and rewards for good behavior, they learn to associate certain actions with these positive or negative consequences. For instance, when a child is only given attention for positive actions, they may learn to engage more in those behaviors while suppressing behaviors that might lead to punishment. This process can teach self-regulation and societal norms, but it may also lead to the development of fear or aggression if punishment is handled incorrectly or excessively.
Reinforcement tends to be favored by psychologists and parenting experts today over punishment because it encourages positive behavior without the negative side effects associated with punishment, such as fear and aggression. Observational learning, as indicated by research, also plays a significant role in how children learn behaviors by watching and emulating adults, particularly their parents.