Final answer:
Alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder are conditions identified in the DSM-5 that involve the compulsive use of psychoactive substances, leading to physical and psychological dependence. These disorders interact with various neurotransmitter systems and are recognized as a disease, rather than a personal choice, which requires compassionate treatment and intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder are technical terms for conditions that involve the compulsive use of substances such as psychoactive drugs, despite the negative consequences. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), these disorders exhibit a pattern where an individual uses more of a substance than intended and continues its use despite adverse effects. In the case of substance use disorders, a person may exhibit both physical and psychological dependence, leading to significant difficulties in their life.
Psychoactive drugs, which include alcohol, barbiturates, cocaine, nicotine, and others, interact with the body's neurotransmitter systems. For instance, central nervous system depressants affect GABA neurotransmission, while stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines affect dopamine. Substance use disorders can cause a variety of health issues and typically require interventions for treatment, such as rehabilitation.
The term 'alcoholic' historically referred to individuals with an excessive drinking problem. However, as the understanding of addiction has evolved, people struggling with alcohol consumption are now recognized as having a disease or genetic predisposition that influences their behavior.