Final answer:
Sleep apnea is treated with lifestyle changes, CPAP devices, oral devices, or surgery. Diagnosis is often confirmed during a sleep study. Alternatives like EPAP devices are being explored due to CPAP's compliance challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treatment and Management of Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a chronic respiratory disorder that leads to interrupted breathing during sleep and can result in various symptoms and health issues. A common treatment for sleep apnea is the use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device, which helps keep the airway open by providing a continuous stream of air through a mask. Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or avoiding alcohol, and positional therapy can also be recommended.
For patients with more severe cases of sleep apnea, surgical options may involve the removal of tissue that blocks the airway, like the tonsils or part of the soft palate. Moreover, patients might be directed to make changes in sleep position or to use an oral device that shifts the jaw forward. For those suffering from central sleep apnea, supplemental oxygen during sleep may be prescribed.
A diagnosis of sleep apnea is usually confirmed during a sleep study, which monitors various physiological parameters. Treatments aim to reduce the daytime sleepiness and behavior issues that result from the disrupted sleep patterns associated with sleep apnea. However, long-term compliance with CPAP therapy can be challenging due to discomfort or side effects like dry mouth.
Emerging alternatives to CPAP include the Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) device, showing promise in reducing apnea episodes with potentially better user compliance. Successful treatment of sleep-related breathing problems has also been associated with a decrease in sleepwalking episodes, suggesting a link between effective respiratory management and the reduction of certain parasomnias.