Final answer:
All of the factors such as age, body type, and sex are involved in determining a person's total blood volume. Blood plasma is primarily composed of water and contains proteins like albumin, which is the most abundant. Venoconstriction increases blood pressure, blood flow within veins, and the return of blood to the heart.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors that determine a person's total blood volume include age, body type, and sex. Therefore, the correct answer to the question, 'Which of the following is(are) involved in determining a person's total blood volume?' is d. All of the above.
Additionally, blood plasma is a key component of blood and is composed primarily of water, which accounts for about 92% of its composition. Plasma contains a mixture of substances, most notably proteins such as albumin, which is the most abundant plasma protein and helps to maintain the blood's osmotic balance by drawing water into the blood vessels from the body's tissues.
Venoconstriction affects the cardiovascular system by increasing blood pressure within the vein, blood flow within the vein, and the return of blood to the heart. Therefore, the correct response to the inquiry about venoconstriction would be d. all of the above.