Final answer:
Cubism is an avant-garde art movement from the early 20th century pioneered by Picasso and Braque, known for breaking subjects into cubic forms and depicting multiple perspectives simultaneously.
Step-by-step explanation:
The art movement being described is Cubism, which emerged around 1907 and is often seen as a transformative period in modern art. This movement is recognized for its radical approach of breaking objects into cubic components, and presenting multiple perspectives in a single painting, thus representing subjects in an abstracted form. The founding fathers of Cubism, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, challenged the traditional representational art by depicting objects from various angles, thereby creating multidimensional space on a two-dimensional canvas. This radical departure from the norm was initially shocking and controversial, with some critics challenging whether it could be considered art at all, but it ultimately paved the way for numerous subsequent art movements and forever altered the course of artistic expression.
During the peak years of Analytic Cubism from 1909 to 1912, Picasso and Braque analyzed and fragmented objects to produce a greater context beyond the limitations of a single viewpoint. Cubism's influence extended far beyond the art world, impacting the evolution of architecture, sculpture, and various other forms of creative expression well into the 20th century. As art movements continued to evolve rapidly against the backdrop of global conflicts and social changes, Cubism remained a cornerstone of modern art, embodying the spirit of experimentation and innovation that characterized the era.