Final answer:
Attachment theory emphasizes the importance of the quality of attachment in an infant's physical and psychological development. Secure attachment, where the child seeks out the attachment figure in times of stress, is considered the healthiest type. However, attachment varies due to factors such as temperament and cultural differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to attachment theory, the quality of attachment plays an important role in determining an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically. Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, emphasizes the affectional bond or tie that an infant forms with the primary caregiver, typically the mother. Bowlby proposed that a healthy attachment requires the caregiver to be responsive to the child's needs and for mutually enjoyable interactions to take place. This secure base provides the child with a sense of safety as they explore their surroundings.
Based on research by Mary Ainsworth, there are three types of parent-child attachment: secure, avoidant, and resistant. Secure attachment is considered the healthiest type, where the child prefers their parent over a stranger and seeks out the attachment figure in times of stress. Securely attached children have caregivers who are sensitive and responsive to their needs.
It is important to note that attachment theory has received support in subsequent studies but has also met criticism with researchers highlighting the influence of a child's temperament and cultural differences in attachment.