Final answer:
A wine bottle can break when a cork presses directly against the liquid and is pounded because of the high-pressure shock wave through the incompressible liquid, breaking the glass. Air between cork and liquid acts as a cushion. For a vinegar bottle, an air pocket prevents pressure buildup, which otherwise could lead to breakage when both vinegar and glass expand due to temperature rise. The correct statement is true.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you pound a cork into a wine bottle that is full of liquid, with no air gap, and the cork presses directly against the liquid, the force from your hand is transmitted instantly through the incompressible liquid to the glass. This can create a high-pressure shock wave that can cause the glass to break. However, if there is air between the cork and the liquid, the air acts as a cushion, compressing and absorbing the force, preventing the shock wave from forming and the bottle from breaking.
Vinegar expansion in a glass bottle can similarly cause the bottle to break if there is no air cushion. As both the vinegar and the glass expand with rising temperatures, the liquid's expansion is constrained by the glass, leading to increased pressure. If no air pocket is present, this can lead to the bottle breaking. An air gap allows for the expansion of the liquid without significantly increasing the pressure within the bottle.