Final answer:
Indoctrination is a form of downward communication where beliefs or ideologies are systematically transmitted from those in power to those who are subordinate. It can be manipulative when used to control people's thoughts and actions, but it can also be used positively to transmit important knowledge and values.
Step-by-step explanation:
Indoctrination can be defined as a form of downward communication in which individuals or groups are systematically influenced to adopt certain beliefs or ideologies. This communication flows from those in positions of authority or power to those who are subordinate. It is often used as a tool for socialization and can be found in various forms such as direct instruction, observation, or socialization through movies, books, and charismatic speakers.
However, whether indoctrination is always manipulative is a matter of debate. While it can be manipulative when used to promote biased or false information in order to control people's thoughts and actions, indoctrination can also be used in positive ways. For example, in educational settings, teachers may use indoctrination to transmit knowledge and values that are important for students to understand and function in society.
Overall, the defining characteristic of indoctrination as downward communication lies in the intentional and systematic transmission of beliefs or ideologies from those in power to those who are subordinate.