Final answer:
The anatomical name for the tonsils located on either side of the uvula is the palatine tonsils, which are part of the immune system and help guard the pharynx against pathogens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anatomical name of the tonsils that are located on either side of the uvula are called the palatine tonsils. These clusters of lymphoid tissue play a crucial role in protecting the pharynx by trapping and destroying pathogens entering the body. The palatine tonsils are situated in the oropharynx between the palatoglossal arch and the alatopharyngeal arch, flanking the fauces, and are part of the body's immune system. Histologically, they do not contain a complete capsule, and their epithelial layer forms deep invaginations known as tonsillar crypts, which help in capturing material to elicit an immune response.