Final answer:
Afferent nerves transmit sensory data to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor commands from the brain to the body. Efferent nerves are involved in generating bodily responses, and afferent nerves are responsible for sensory input processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Afferent nerves transmit impulses to the brain, and efferent nerves transmit impulses away from the brain.
Afferent nerves are responsible for conveying sensory information from the sensory receptors throughout the body towards the central nervous system. This process takes physical stimuli such as touch, light, and sound, and converts them into nerve impulses that are then transmitted to the brain for processing.
Conversely, efferent nerves originate from the central nervous system and carry impulses away from the brain to various effector organs, which include muscles and glands. The role of the efferent nerves is typically associated with initiating actions and reactions within the body, like muscle contraction or glandular secretion.