Final answer:
The border of the scapula closest to the vertebrae is the medial border of the scapula, which serves as an attachment point for muscles like the rhomboid minor muscle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The border of the scapula that is nearest the vertebrae is known as the medial border of the scapula. This border is where muscles such as the rhomboid minor muscle attach. The rhomboid minor muscle connects the medial border of the scapula to the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae. The scapula is a flat, triangular bone positioned on the posterior aspect of the pectoral girdle and includes several borders and angles, each serving as distinct sites for muscular attachment and articulation with other bones.