Final answer:
The bulge at the proximal, lateral edge of the humerus is the greater tubercle, an important attachment site for shoulder muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bulge that is located at the proximal, lateral edge of the humerus is known as the greater tubercle. This expanded bony area serves as an attachment site for muscles that act across the shoulder joint. Distally, the humerus also features structures such as the medial epicondyle, the smaller lateral epicondyle, the lateral supracondylar ridge, and the deltoid tuberosity. The lateral epicondyle is a small projection on the lateral side of the distal humerus, located superior to the lateral supracondylar ridge and serves as an attachment point for forearm muscles. The humerus is a critical bone in the upper limb, providing many points for muscular attachment and joint articulation, including the shoulder and elbow joints.