Final answer:
Modalistic Monarchianism is a view in Christian theology that considers God's manifestation in different modes rather than as three distinct persons. It relates to the concept of the Divine Right of Kings, as visually represented in Monreale Cathedral's mosaics. Process Theology contrasts this by proposing a non-coercive, persuasive concept of God's power.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theological concept of Modalistic Monarchianism relates to the understanding of God in Christianity. It is a view that emphasizes the unity of God by asserting that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are different modes or aspects of one God, as opposed to the doctrine of the Trinity, which sees them as three distinct persons in one God. This concept interacts with broader theological and philosophical discussions regarding the nature of God and the relationship between the divine and earthly rule, frequently touching upon ideas such as the Divine Right of Kings and the social contract.
In the case of the mosaics featuring William II in Monreale Cathedral, there's a visual representation of such concepts, where the king is depicted as crowned directly by God, which reflects on the notion that his authority is divinely sanctioned and stands above any earthly power. Process Theology presents a contrast to these traditional views, suggesting a concept of God that is not omnipotent in the coercive sense but rather has a persuasive influence, which challenges established religious dogmas. Process Theology's willingness to reevaluate the traditional notion of an all-powerful deity aligns with some of the philosophical changes in postmodern thought.